To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage. James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: "For golf clubbes and balles to the King that he playit with". The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is James II's banning of the game in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction to learning archery. In addition, kolven (a game involving a ball and curved bats) was played annually in Loenen, Netherlands, beginning in 1297, to commemorate the capture of the assassin of Floris V, a year earlier. The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancient origin, albeit being more polo-like. 18th century, National Galleries of Scotland.Īnother early game that resembled modern golf was known as cambuca in England and chambot in France. The MacDonald boys playing golf, attributed to William Mosman. This is one of the four major championships in men's professional golf, the other three being played in the United States: The Masters, the U.S. Golf's first major, and the world's oldest tournament in existence, is The Open Championship, also known as the British Open, which was first played in 1860 at the Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland. The 18-hole round was created at the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764.
The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland. Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level. Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play. There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), bunkers (or "sand traps"), and various hazards (water, rocks) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement. Each hole on the course must contain a teeing ground to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup 4 + 1⁄ 4 inches (11 cm) in diameter.
The game at the usual level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, often having nine holes. Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game. Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
A golfer in the finishing position after hitting a tee shot
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